%%% -*-BibTeX-*-
%%% ====================================================================
%%% @BibTeX-style-file{
%%% author = "Nelson H. F. Beebe, Boris Veytsman and Gerald Murray",
%%% version = "2.1",
%%% date = "14 June 2017",
%%% filename = "ACM-Reference-Format.bst",
%%% email = "borisv@lk.net, boris@varphi.com",
%%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII",
%%% keywords = "ACM Transactions bibliography style; BibTeX",
%%% license = "public domain",
%%% supported = "yes",
%%% abstract = "",
%%% }
%%% ====================================================================
%%% Revision history: see source in git
ENTRY
{ address
advisor
archiveprefix
author
booktitle
chapter
city
date
edition
editor
eprint
eprinttype
eprintclass
howpublished
institution
journal
key
location
month
note
number
organization
pages
primaryclass
publisher
school
series
title
type
volume
year
% New keys recognized
issue % UTAH: used in, e.g., ACM SIGSAM Bulletin and ACM Communications in Computer Algebra
articleno
eid
day % UTAH: needed for newspapers, weeklies, bi-weeklies
doi % UTAH
url % UTAH
bookpages % UTAH
numpages
lastaccessed % UTAH: used only for @Misc{...}
coden % UTAH
isbn % UTAH
isbn-13 % UTAH
issn % UTAH
lccn % UTAH
}
{}
{ label.year extra.label sort.year sort.label basic.label.year}
INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
INTEGERS { show-isbn-10-and-13 } % initialized below in begin.bib
INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
INTEGERS { multiresult }
INTEGERS { len }
INTEGERS { last.extra.num }
STRINGS { s t t.org u }
STRINGS { last.label next.extra }
STRINGS { p1 p2 p3 page.count }
FUNCTION { not }
{
{ #0 }
{ #1 }
if$
}
FUNCTION { and }
{
'skip$
{ pop$ #0 }
if$
}
FUNCTION { or }
{
{ pop$ #1 }
'skip$
if$
}
FUNCTION { dump.stack.1 }
{
duplicate$ "STACK[top] = [" swap$ * "]" * warning$
}
FUNCTION { dump.stack.2 }
{
duplicate$ "STACK[top ] = [" swap$ * "]" * warning$
swap$
duplicate$ "STACK[top-1] = [" swap$ * "]" * warning$
swap$
}
FUNCTION { empty.or.unknown }
{
%% Examine the top stack entry, and push 1 if it is empty, or
%% consists only of whitespace, or is a string beginning with two
%% queries (??), and otherwise, push 0.
%%
%% This function provides a replacement for empty$, with the
%% convenient feature that unknown values marked by two leading
%% queries are treated the same as missing values, and thus, do not
%% appear in the output .bbl file, and yet, their presence in .bib
%% file(s) serves to mark values which are temporarily missing, but
%% are expected to be filled in eventually once more data is
%% obtained. The TeX User Group and BibNet bibliography archives
%% make extensive use of this practice.
%%
%% An empty string cannot serve the same purpose, because just as in
%% statistics data processing, an unknown value is not the same as an
%% empty value.
%%
%% At entry: stack = ... top:[string]
%% At exit: stack = ... top:[0 or 1]
duplicate$ empty$
{ pop$ #1 }
{ #1 #2 substring$ "??" = }
if$
}
FUNCTION { writeln }
{
%% In BibTeX style files, the sequences
%%
%% ... "one" "two" output
%% ... "one" "two" output.xxx
%%
%% ship "one" to the output file, possibly following by punctuation,
%% leaving the stack with
%%
%% ... "two"
%%
%% There is thus a one-string lag in output processing that must be
%% carefully handled to avoid duplicating a string in the output
%% file. Unless otherwise noted, all output.xxx functions leave
%% just one new string on the stack, and that model should be born
%% in mind when reading or writing function code.
%%
%% BibTeX's asynchronous buffering of output from strings from the
%% stack is confusing because newline$ bypasses the buffer. It
%% would have been so much easier for newline to be a character
%% rather than a state of the output-in-progress.
%%
%% The documentation in btxhak.dvi is WRONG: it says
%%
%% newline$ Writes onto the bbl file what's accumulated in the
%% output buffer. It writes a blank line if and only
%% if the output buffer is empty. Since write$ does
%% reasonable line breaking, you should use this
%% function only when you want a blank line or an
%% explicit line break.
%%
%% write$ Pops the top (string) literal and writes it on the
%% output buffer (which will result in stuff being
%% written onto the bbl file when the buffer fills
%% up).
%%
%% Examination of the BibTeX source code shows that write$ does
%% indeed behave as claimed, but newline$ sends a newline character
%% directly to the output file, leaving the stack unchanged. The
%% first line "Writes onto ... buffer." is therefore wrong.
%%
%% The original BibTeX style files almost always use "write$ newline$"
%% in that order, so it makes sense to hide that pair in a private
%% function like this one, named after a statement in Pascal,
%% the programming language embedded in the BibTeX Web program.
write$ % output top-of-stack string
newline$ % immediate write of newline (not via stack)
}
FUNCTION { init.state.consts }
{
#0 'before.all :=
#1 'mid.sentence :=
#2 'after.sentence :=
#3 'after.block :=
}
FUNCTION { output.nonnull }
{ % Stack in: ... R S T Stack out: ... R T File out: S<comma><space>
's :=
output.state mid.sentence =
{
", " * write$
}
{
output.state after.block =
{
add.period$ writeln
"\newblock " write$
}
{
output.state before.all =
{
write$
}
{
add.period$ " " * write$
}
if$
}
if$
mid.sentence 'output.state :=
}
if$
s
}
FUNCTION { output.nonnull.dot.space }
{ % Stack in: ... R S T Stack out: ... R T File out: S<dot><space>
's :=
output.state mid.sentence = % { "<DEBUG output.nonnull.dot.space>. " * write$ }
{
". " * write$
}
{
output.state after.block =
{
add.period$ writeln "\newblock " write$
}
{
output.state before.all =
{
write$
}
{
add.period$ " " * write$
}
if$
}
if$
mid.sentence 'output.state :=
}
if$
s
}
FUNCTION { output.nonnull.remove }
{ % Stack in: ... R S T Stack out: ... R T File out: S<space>
's :=
output.state mid.sentence =
{
" " * write$
}
{
output.state after.block =
{
add.period$ writeln "\newblock " write$
}
{
output.state before.all =
{
write$
}
{
add.period$ " " * write$
}
if$
}
if$
mid.sentence 'output.state :=
}
if$
s
}
FUNCTION { output.nonnull.removenospace }
{ % Stack in: ... R S T Stack out: ... R T File out: S
's :=
output.state mid.sentence =
{
"" * write$
}
{
output.state after.block =
{
add.period$ writeln "\newblock " write$
}
{
output.state before.all =
{
write$
}
{
add.period$ " " * write$
}
if$
}
if$
mid.sentence 'output.state :=
}
if$
s
}
FUNCTION { output }
{ % discard top token if empty, else like output.nonnull
duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
'pop$
'output.nonnull
if$
}
FUNCTION { output.dot.space }
{ % discard top token if empty, else like output.nonnull.dot.space
duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
'pop$
'output.nonnull.dot.space
if$
}
FUNCTION { output.removenospace }
{ % discard top token if empty, else like output.nonnull.removenospace
duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
'pop$
'output.nonnull.removenospace
if$
}
FUNCTION { output.check }
{ % like output, but warn if key name on top-of-stack is not set
't :=
duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
{ pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
'output.nonnull
if$
}
FUNCTION { bibinfo.output.check }
{ % like output.check, adding bibinfo field
't :=
duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
{ pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
{ "\bibinfo{" t "}{" * * swap$ * "}" *
output.nonnull }
if$
}
FUNCTION { output.check.dot.space }
{ % like output.dot.space, but warn if key name on top-of-stack is not set
't :=
duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
{ pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
'output.nonnull.dot.space
if$
}
FUNCTION { fin.block }
{ % functionally, but not logically, identical to fin.entry
add.period$
writeln
}
FUNCTION { fin.entry }
{
add.period$
writeln
}
FUNCTION { new.sentence }
{ % update sentence state, with neither output nor stack change
output.state after.block =
'skip$
{
output.state before.all =
'skip$
{ after.sentence 'output.state := }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION { fin.sentence }
{
add.period$
write$
new.sentence
""
}
FUNCTION { new.block }
{
output.state before.all =
'skip$
{ after.block 'output.state := }
if$
}
FUNCTION { output.coden } % UTAH
{ % output non-empty CODEN as one-line sentence (stack untouched)
coden empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ "\showCODEN{" coden * "}" * writeln }
if$
}
%
% Sometimes articleno starts with the word 'Article' or 'Paper.
% (this is a bug of acmdl, sigh)
% We strip them. We assume eid or articleno is already on stack
%
FUNCTION { strip.articleno.or.eid }
{
't :=
t #1 #7 substring$ "Article" =
{t #8 t text.length$ substring$ 't :=}
{ }
if$
t #1 #7 substring$ "article" =
{t #8 t text.length$ substring$ 't :=}
{ }
if$
t #1 #5 substring$ "Paper" =
{t #6 t text.length$ substring$ 't :=}
{ }
if$
t #1 #5 substring$ "paper" =
{t #6 t text.length$ substring$ 't :=}
{ }
if$
% Strip any left trailing space or ~
t #1 #1 substring$ " " =
{t #2 t text.length$ substring$ 't :=}
{ }
if$
t #1 #1 substring$ "~" =
{t #2 t text.length$ substring$ 't :=}
{ }
if$
t
}
FUNCTION { format.articleno }
{
articleno empty.or.unknown not eid empty.or.unknown not and
{ "Both articleno and eid are defined for " cite$ * warning$ }
'skip$
if$
articleno empty.or.unknown eid empty.or.unknown and
{ "" }
{
numpages empty.or.unknown
{ "articleno or eid field, but no numpages field, in "
cite$ * warning$ }
{ }
if$
eid empty.or.unknown
{ "Article \bibinfo{articleno}{" articleno strip.articleno.or.eid * "}" * }
{ "Article \bibinfo{articleno}{" eid strip.articleno.or.eid * "}" * }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.year }
{ % push year string or "[n.\,d.]" onto output stack
%% Because year is a mandatory field, we always force SOMETHING
%% to be output
"\bibinfo{year}{"
year empty.or.unknown
{ "[n.\,d.]" }
{ year }
if$
* "}" *
}
FUNCTION { format.day.month }
{ % push "day month " or "month " or "" onto output stack
day empty.or.unknown
{
month empty.or.unknown
{ "" }
{ "\bibinfo{date}{" month * "} " *}
if$
}
{
month empty.or.unknown
{ "" }
{ "\bibinfo{date}{" day * " " * month * "} " *}
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.day.month.year } % UTAH
{ % if month is empty, push "" else push "(MON.)" or "(DD MON.)"
% Needed for frequent periodicals: 2008. ... New York Times C-1, C-2, C-17 (23 Oct.)
% acm-*.bst addition: prefix parenthesized date string with
% ", Article nnn "
articleno empty.or.unknown eid empty.or.unknown and
{ "" }
{ output.state after.block =
{", " format.articleno * }
{ format.articleno }
if$
}
if$
" (" * format.day.month * format.year * ")" *
}
FUNCTION { output.day.month.year } % UTAH
{ % if month is empty value, do nothing; else output stack top and
% leave with new top string "(MON.)" or "(DD MON.)"
% Needed for frequent periodicals: 2008. ... New York Times C-1, C-2, C-17 (23 Oct.)
format.day.month.year
output.nonnull.remove
}
FUNCTION { strip.doi } % UTAH
{ % Strip any Web address prefix to recover the bare DOI, leaving the
% result on the output stack, as recommended by CrossRef DOI
% documentation.
% For example, reduce "http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1534530.1534545" to
% "10.1145/1534530.1534545". A suitable URL is later typeset and
% displayed as the LAST item in the reference list entry. Publisher Web
% sites wrap this with a suitable link to a real URL to resolve the DOI,
% and the master https://doi.org/ address is preferred, since publisher-
% specific URLs can disappear in response to economic events. All
% journals are encouraged by the DOI authorities to use that typeset
% format and link procedures for uniformity across all publications that
% include DOIs in reference lists.
% The numeric prefix is guaranteed to start with "10.", so we use
% that as a test.
% 2017-02-04 Added stripping of https:// (Boris)
doi #1 #3 substring$ "10." =
{ doi }
{
doi 't := % get modifiable copy of DOI
% Change https:// to http:// to strip both prefixes (BV)
t #1 #8 substring$ "https://" =
{ "http://" t #9 t text.length$ #8 - substring$ * 't := }
{ }
if$
t #1 #7 substring$ "http://" =
{
t #8 t text.length$ #7 - substring$ 't :=
"INTERNAL STYLE-FILE ERROR" 's :=
% search for next "/" and assign its suffix to s
{ t text.length$ }
{
t #1 #1 substring$ "/" =
{
% save rest of string as true DOI (should be 10.xxxx/yyyy)
t #2 t text.length$ #1 - substring$ 's :=
"" 't := % empty string t terminates the loop
}
{
% discard first character and continue loop: t <= substring(t,2,last)
t #2 t text.length$ #1 - substring$ 't :=
}
if$
}
while$
% check for valid DOI (should be 10.xxxx/yyyy)
s #1 #3 substring$ "10." =
{ }
{ "unrecognized DOI substring " s * " in DOI value [" * doi * "]" * warning$ }
if$
s % push the stripped DOI on the output stack
}
{
"unrecognized DOI value [" doi * "]" * warning$
doi % push the unrecognized original DOI on the output stack
}
if$
}
if$
}
%
% Change by BV: added standard prefix to URL
%
FUNCTION { output.doi } % UTAH
{ % output non-empty DOI as one-line sentence (stack untouched)
doi empty.or.unknown
{ }
{
%% Use \urldef here for the same reason it is used in output.url,
%% see output.url for further discussion.
"\urldef\tempurl%" writeln
"\url{https://doi.org/" strip.doi * "}" * writeln
"\showDOI{\tempurl}" writeln
}
if$
}
FUNCTION { output.isbn } % UTAH
{ % output non-empty ISBN-10 and/or ISBN-13 as one-line sentences (stack untouched)
show-isbn-10-and-13
{
%% show both 10- and 13-digit ISBNs
isbn empty.or.unknown
{ }
{
"\showISBNx{" isbn * "}" * writeln
}
if$
isbn-13 empty.or.unknown
{ }
{
"\showISBNxiii{" isbn-13 * "}" * writeln
}
if$
}
{
%% show 10-digit ISBNs only if 13-digit ISBNs not available
isbn-13 empty.or.unknown
{
isbn empty.or.unknown
{ }
{
"\showISBNx{" isbn * "}" * writeln
}
if$
}
{
"\showISBNxiii{" isbn-13 * "}" * writeln
}
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION { output.issn } % UTAH
{ % output non-empty ISSN as one-line sentence (stack untouched)
issn empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ "\showISSN{" issn * "}" * writeln }
if$
}
FUNCTION { output.issue }
{ % output non-empty issue number as a one-line sentence (stack untouched)
issue empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ "Issue " issue * "." * writeln }
if$
}
FUNCTION { output.lccn } % UTAH
{ % return with stack untouched
lccn empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ "\showLCCN{" lccn * "}" * writeln }
if$
}
FUNCTION { output.note } % UTAH
{ % return with stack empty
note empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ "\shownote{" note add.period$ * "}" * writeln }
if$
}
FUNCTION { output.note.check } % UTAH
{ % return with stack empty
note empty.or.unknown
{ "empty note in " cite$ * warning$ }
{ "\shownote{" note add.period$ * "}" * writeln }
if$
}
FUNCTION { output.eprint } %
{ % return with stack empty
eprint empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ "\showeprint"
archiveprefix empty.or.unknown
{ eprinttype empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ "[" eprinttype "]" * * * }
if$
}
{ "[" archiveprefix "l" change.case$ "]" * * * }
if$
"{" *
primaryclass empty.or.unknown
{ eprintclass empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ eprintclass "/" * * }
if$
}
{ primaryclass "/" * * }
if$
eprint "}" * *
writeln
}
if$
}
%
% Changes by BV 2011/04/15. Do not output
% url if doi is defined
%
FUNCTION { output.url } % UTAH
{ % return with stack untouched
% output URL and associated lastaccessed fields
doi empty.or.unknown
{
url empty.or.unknown
{ }
{
%% Use \urldef, outside \showURL, so that %nn, #, etc in URLs work
%% correctly. Put the actual URL on its own line to reduce the
%% likelihood of BibTeX's nasty line wrapping after column 79.
%% \url{} can undo this, but if that doesn't work for some reason
%% the .bbl file would have to be repaired manually.
"\urldef\tempurl%" writeln
"\url{" url * "}" * writeln
"\showURL{%" writeln
lastaccessed empty.or.unknown
{ "" }
{ "Retrieved " lastaccessed * " from " * }
if$
"\tempurl}" * writeln
}
if$
}
{ }
if$
}
FUNCTION { output.year.check }
{ % warn if year empty, output top string and leave " YEAR<label>" on stack in mid-sentence
year empty.or.unknown
{ "empty year in " cite$ * warning$
write$
" \bibinfo{year}{[n.d.]}"
"\natexlab{" extra.label * "}" * *
mid.sentence 'output.state :=
}
{ write$
" \bibinfo{year}{" year * "}" *
"\natexlab{" extra.label * "}" * *
mid.sentence 'output.state :=
}
if$
}
FUNCTION { le }
{
%% test whether first number is less than or equal to second number
%% stack in: n1 n2
%% stack out: if n1 <= n2 then 1 else 0
%% "DEBUG: le " cite$ * warning$
> { #0 } { #1 } if$
}
FUNCTION { ge }
{
%% test whether first number is greater than or equal to second number
%% stack in: n1 n2
%% stack out: if n1 >= n2 then 1 else 0
%% "DEBUG: ge " cite$ * warning$
< { #0 } { #1 } if$
}
FUNCTION { is.leading.digit }
{
%% test whether first character of string is a digit
%% stack in: string
%% stack out: if first-char-is-digit then 1 else 0
#1 #1 substring$ % replace string by string[1:1]
duplicate$ % string[1:1] string[1:1]
chr.to.int$
"0" chr.to.int$ swap$ le % "0" <= string[1:1] --> 0-or-1
swap$ % 0-or-1 string[1:1]
chr.to.int$
"9" chr.to.int$ le % string[1:1} <= "9" --> 0-or-1
and
}
FUNCTION { skip.digits }
{
%% skip over leading digits in string
%% stack in: string
%% stack out: rest-of-string leading-digits
%% "DEBUG: enter skip.digits " cite$ * warning$
%% dump.stack.1
duplicate$
't :=
't.org :=
"" 'u :=
{ t text.length$ }
{
%% "=================DEBUG: skip.digits t = [" t * "]" * warning$
t is.leading.digit
{ t #2 t text.length$ #1 - substring$ }
{
t 'u :=
""
}
if$
't :=
}
while$
u % rest of string
t.org #1 t.org text.length$ u text.length$ - substring$ % leading digits
%% "DEBUG: t.org = [" t.org * "]" * warning$
%% "DEBUG: u = [" u * "]" * warning$
%% dump.stack.2
%% "DEBUG: leave skip.digits " cite$ * warning$
}
FUNCTION { skip.nondigits }
{
%% skip over leading nondigits in string
%% stack in: string
%% stack out: rest-of-string
%% "DEBUG: enter skip.nondigits " cite$ * warning$
't :=
"" 'u :=
{ t text.length$ }
{
%% "=================DEBUG: skip.nondigits t = [" t * "]" * warning$
t is.leading.digit
{
t 'u :=
""
}
{ t #2 t text.length$ #1 - substring$ }
if$
't :=
}
while$
u % rest of string
%% dump.stack.1
%% "DEBUG: leave skip.nondigits " cite$ * warning$
}
FUNCTION { parse.next.number }
{
%% stack in: string
%% stack out: rest-of-string next-numeric-part-of-string
%% Example:
%% stack in: "123:1--123:59"
%% stack out: ":1--123:59" "123"
's :=
s skip.nondigits 's :=
s skip.digits
}
FUNCTION { reduce.pages.to.page.count }
{
%% Stack in: arbitrary-and-unused
%% Stack out: unchanged
%%
%% For the new-style pagination with article number and numpages or
%% pages, we expect to have BibTeX entries containing something like
%% articleno = "17",
%% pages = "1--23",
%% with output "Article 17, 23 pages",
%% or
%% articleno = "17",
%% numpages = "23",
%% with output "Article 17, 23 pages",
%% or
%% articleno = "17",
%% pages = "17:1--17:23",
%% with output "Article 17, 23 pages",
%%
%% If articleno is missing or empty, then we should output "1--23",
%% "23" (with a warning of a missing articleno), or "17:1--17:23",
%% respectively.
%% "DEBUG: enter reduce.pages.to.page.count " cite$ * warning$
%% "DEBUG: pages = [" pages * "]" * warning$
pages
parse.next.number 'p1 :=
parse.next.number 'p2 :=
parse.next.number 'p3 :=
parse.next.number 'page.count :=
duplicate$
empty.or.unknown
{ }
{
duplicate$ "unexpected trailing garbage [" swap$ *
"] after n:p1--n:p2 in pages = [" *
pages *
"] in " *
cite$ *
warning$
}
if$
pop$
%% "DEBUG: reduce.pages.to.page.count: "
%% " p1 = " p1 * *
%% " p2 = " p2 * *
%% " p3 = " p3 * *
%% " p4 = " page.count * *
%% " in " cite$ * * warning$
p1 p3 = p2 "1" = and numpages empty.or.unknown and
{ "INFO: reduced pages = [" pages * "] to numpages = [" * page.count * "]" * warning$ }
{
numpages empty.or.unknown
{ pages }
{ numpages }
if$
'page.count :=
}
if$
p1 "1" = p3 empty.or.unknown and numpages empty.or.unknown and
{
p2 'page.count :=
"INFO: reduced pages = [" pages * "] to numpages = [" * page.count * "]" * warning$
}
{
numpages empty.or.unknown
{ pages }
{ numpages }
if$
'page.count :=
}
if$
%% "DEBUG: leave reduce.pages.to.page.count " cite$ * warning$
}
FUNCTION { new.block.checkb }
{ % issue a new.block only if at least one of top two stack strings is not empty
empty.or.unknown
swap$ empty.or.unknown
and
'skip$
'new.block
if$
}
FUNCTION { field.or.null }
{ % convert empty value to null string, else return value
duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
{ pop$ "" }
'skip$
if$
}
FUNCTION { emphasize }
{ % emphasize a non-empty top string on the stack
duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
{ pop$ "" }
{ "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
if$
}
FUNCTION { comma }
{ % convert empty string to null string, or brace string and add trailing comma
duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
{ pop$ "" }
{ "{" swap$ * "}," * }
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.names }
{
% Format bibliographical entries with the first author last name first,
% and subsequent authors with initials followed by last name.
% All names are formatted in this routine.
's :=
#1 'nameptr := % nameptr = 1;
s num.names$ 'numnames := % numnames = num.name$(s);
numnames 'namesleft :=
{ namesleft #0 > }
{ nameptr #1 =
%NO: BAD ORDER: {"{" s nameptr "{ff~}{ll}{, jj}{, vv}" format.name$ * "}" * 't := }
%NO: BAD ORDER: {"{" s nameptr "{ff~}{ll}{, jj}{, vv}" format.name$ * "}" * 't := }
{"\bibinfo{person}{" s nameptr "{ff }{vv }{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ * "}" * 't := }
{"\bibinfo{person}{" s nameptr "{ff }{vv }{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ * "}" * 't := }
if$
nameptr #1 >
{
namesleft #1 >
{ ", " * t * }
{
numnames #2 >
{ "," * }
'skip$
if$
t "\bibinfo{person}{others}" =
{ " {et~al\mbox{.}}" * } % jrh: avoid spacing problems
{ " {and} " * t * } % from Chicago Manual of Style
if$
}
if$
}
't
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := % nameptr += 1;
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := % namesleft =- 1;
}
while$
}
FUNCTION { my.full.label }
{
's :=
#1 'nameptr := % nameptr = 1;
s num.names$ 'numnames := % numnames = num.name$(s);
numnames 'namesleft :=
{ namesleft #0 > }
{ s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ 't := % get the next name
nameptr #1 >
{
namesleft #1 >
{ ", " * t * }
{
numnames #2 >
{ "," * }
'skip$
if$
t "others" =
{ " et~al\mbox{.}" * } % jrh: avoid spacing problems
{ " and " * t * } % from Chicago Manual of Style
if$
}
if$
}
't
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := % nameptr += 1;
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := % namesleft =- 1;
}
while$
}
FUNCTION { format.names.fml }
{
% Format names in "familiar" format, with first initial followed by
% last name. Like format.names, ALL names are formatted.
% jtb: The names are NOT put in small caps
's :=
#1 'nameptr := % nameptr = 1;
s num.names$ 'numnames := % numnames = num.name$(s);
numnames 'namesleft :=
{ namesleft #0 > }
{
"\bibinfo{person}{" s nameptr "{ff~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ * "}" * 't :=
nameptr #1 >
{
namesleft #1 >
{ ", " * t * }
{
numnames #2 >
{ "," * }
'skip$
if$
t "\bibinfo{person}{others}" =
{ " {et~al\mbox{.}}" * }
{ " {and} " * t * }
if$
}
if$
}
't
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr := % nameptr += 1;
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft := % namesleft =- 1;
}
while$
}
FUNCTION { format.authors }
{
author empty.or.unknown
{ "" }
{
"\bibfield{author}{"
author format.names add.period$ * "}" *} % jtb: add period if none before
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.key }
{
empty.or.unknown
{ key field.or.null }
{ "" }
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.no.key }
{
empty.or.unknown
{ "" }
{ "" }
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.editors.fml }
{
% Format editor names for use in the "in" types: inbook, incollection,
% inproceedings: first initial, then last names. When editors are the
% LABEL for an entry, then format.editor is used which lists editors
% by last name first.
editor empty.or.unknown
{ "" }
{
"\bibfield{editor}{"
editor format.names.fml
* "}" *
editor num.names$ #1 >
{ " (Eds.)" * }
{ " (Ed.)" * }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.editors }
{ % format editor names for use in labels, last names first.
editor empty.or.unknown
{ "" }
{
"\bibfield{editor}{"
editor format.names
* "}" *
editor num.names$ #1 >
{ " (Eds.)." * }
{ " (Ed.)." * }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.articletitle }
{
title empty.or.unknown
{ "" }
% Use this to preserve lettercase in titles:
{ "\showarticletitle{" title * "}" * }
% Use this for downcase title style:
% { \showarticletitle{" title "t" change.case$ * "}" * }
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.title }
{
title empty.or.unknown
{ "" }
% Use this to preserve lettercase in titles:
{ "\bibinfo{title}{" title * "}" * }
% Use this for downcase title style:
% { title "t" change.case$ }
if$
}
FUNCTION { n.dashify }
{
't :=
""
{ t empty.or.unknown not }
{
t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
{
t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
{ "--" *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
{
{ t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
{
"-" *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
while$
}
if$
}
{
t #1 #1 substring$ *
t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
}
if$
}
while$
}
FUNCTION { format.a.title.with.edition }
{
"\bibinfo{booktitle}{"
swap$ emphasize *
edition empty.or.unknown
'skip$
{ " (\bibinfo{edition}{" * edition "l" change.case$ *
"} ed.)" * } % jtb: no parens for ed.
if$
"}" *
}
FUNCTION { format.btitle }
{ title format.a.title.with.edition }
FUNCTION { format.emphasize.booktitle }
{ booktitle format.a.title.with.edition }
FUNCTION { format.city }
{
% jtb: if the preceding string (the title of the conference) is non-empty,
% jtb: append the location, otherwise leave empty (so as to trigger the
% jtb: error message in output.check
duplicate$ empty.or.unknown
{ }
{
city empty.or.unknown location empty.or.unknown and
{
date empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ " (" * date * ")" * }
if$
}
{
location empty.or.unknown
{
date empty.or.unknown
{ " (" * city * ")" * }
{ " (" * city * ", " * date * ")" * }
if$
}
{
date empty.or.unknown
{ " (" * location * ")" * }
{ " (" * location * ", " * date * ")" * }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION { tie.or.space.connect }
{
duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
{ "~" }
{ " " }
if$
swap$ * *
}
FUNCTION { either.or.check }
{
empty.or.unknown
'pop$
{ "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.bvolume }
{
% jtb: If there is a series, this is added and the volume trails after it.
% jtb: Otherwise, "Vol" is Capitalized.
volume empty.or.unknown
{ "" }
{
series empty.or.unknown
{ "Vol.~\bibinfo{volume}{" volume "}" * *}
{ "\bibinfo{series}{" series "}, " * *
"Vol.~\bibinfo{volume}{" volume "}" * * *}
if$
"volume and number" number either.or.check
}
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.bvolume.noseries }
{
volume empty.or.unknown
{ "" }
{ "Vol.~\bibinfo{volume}{" volume "}" * *
"volume and number" number either.or.check
}
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.series }
{
series empty.or.unknown
{""}
{" \emph{(\bibinfo{series}{" * series "})}" *}
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.number.series }
{
volume empty.or.unknown
{
number empty.or.unknown
{
volume empty.or.unknown
{ "" }
{
series empty.or.unknown
{ "" }
{ " (\bibinfo{series}{" series * "})" * }
if$
}
if$
} % { series field.or.null }
{
output.state mid.sentence =
{ "Number" } % gnp - changed to mixed case always
{ "Number" }
if$
number tie.or.space.connect series empty.or.unknown
{ "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
{ " in \bibinfo{series}{" * series * "}" * }
if$
}
if$
}
{
""
}
if$
}
FUNCTION { multi.page.check }
{
't :=
#0 'multiresult :=
{ multiresult not
t empty.or.unknown not
and
}
{ t #1 #1 substring$
duplicate$ "-" =
swap$ duplicate$ "," =
swap$ "+" =
or or
{ #1 'multiresult := }
{ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
if$
}
while$
multiresult
}
FUNCTION { format.pages }
{
pages empty.or.unknown
{ "" }
{ "\bibinfo{pages}{"
pages multi.page.check
{ pages n.dashify } % gnp - removed () % jtb: removed pp.
{ pages }
if$
* "}" *
}
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.pages.check.without.articleno }
{ %% format pages field only if articleno is absent
%% Stack out: pages-specification
numpages missing$ pages missing$ and
{ "page numbers missing in both pages and numpages fields in " cite$ * warning$ }
{ }
if$
articleno empty.or.unknown eid empty.or.unknown and
{
pages missing$
{ numpages }
{ format.pages }
if$
}
{ "" }
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.pages.check }
{
pages empty.or.unknown
{ "page numbers missing in " cite$ * warning$ "" }
{ pages n.dashify }
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.bookpages }
{
bookpages empty.or.unknown
{ "" }
{ bookpages "book pages" tie.or.space.connect }
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.named.pages }
{
pages empty.or.unknown
{ "" }
{ format.pages "pages" tie.or.space.connect }
if$
}
%
% Changed by Boris Veytsman, 2011-03-13
% Now the word "pages" is printed even if
% there field pages is not empty.
%
FUNCTION { format.page.count }
{
page.count empty.or.unknown
{ "" }
{ "\bibinfo{numpages}{" page.count * "}~pages" * }
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.articleno.numpages }
{
%% There are seven possible outputs, depending on which fields are set.
%%
%% These four are handled here:
%%
%% articleno, numpages, pages -> "Article articleno-value, numpages-value pages"
%% articleno, numpages -> "Article articleno-value, numpages-value pages"
%% articleno, pages -> "Article articleno-value, reduced-pages-value pages"
%% articleno -> "Article articleno-value" and warn about missing numpages
%%
%% The remaining three have already been handled by
%% format.pages.check.without.articleno:
%%
%% numpages, pages -> "pages-value"
%% numpages -> "numpages-value"
%% pages -> "pages-value"
%%
%% We no longer issue warninig when missing articleno, but having numpages
articleno empty.or.unknown eid empty.or.unknown and
{
%% numpages empty.or.unknown
%% { }
%% { "numpages field, but no articleno or eid field, in "
%% cite$ * warning$ }
%% if$
""
}
{
numpages empty.or.unknown
{
pages empty.or.unknown
{
"articleno or eid, but no pages or numpages field in "
cite$ * warning$
"" 'page.count :=
}
{ reduce.pages.to.page.count }
if$
}
{ numpages 'page.count := }
if$
%% The Article number is now handled in format.day.month.year because
%% ACM prefers the style "Digital Libraries 12, 3, Article 5 (July 2008)"
%% over "Digital Libraries 12, 3 (July 2008), Article 5"
%% format.articleno output
format.page.count
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {calc.format.page.count}
{
numpages empty.or.unknown
{
pages empty.or.unknown
{
"" 'page.count :=
}
{ reduce.pages.to.page.count }
if$
}
{ numpages 'page.count := }
if$
format.page.count
}
FUNCTION { journal.canon.abbrev }
{
% Returns a canonical abbreviation for 'journal', or else 'journal'
% unchanged.
journal "ACM Computing Surveys" = { "Comput. Surveys" } {
journal "{ACM} Computing Surveys" = { "Comput. Surveys" } {
journal "ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software" = { "ACM Trans. Math. Software" } {
journal "{ACM} Transactions on Mathematical Software" = { "ACM Trans. Math. Software" } {
journal "ACM SIGNUM Newsletter" = { "ACM SIGNUM Newslett." } {
journal "ACM {SIGNUM} Newsletter" = { "ACM SIGNUM Newslett." } {
journal "{ACM} SIGNUM Newsletter" = { "ACM SIGNUM Newslett." } {
journal "{ACM} {SIGNUM} Newsletter" = { "ACM SIGNUM Newslett." } {
journal "American Journal of Sociology" = { "Amer. J. Sociology" } {
journal "American Mathematical Monthly" = { "Amer. Math. Monthly" } {
journal "American Mathematical Society Translations" = { "Amer. Math. Soc. Transl." } {
journal "Applied Mathematics and Computation" = { "Appl. Math. Comput." } {
journal "British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology" = { "Brit. J. Math. Statist. Psych." } {
journal "Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society" = { "Bull. Amer. Math. Soc." } {
journal "Canadian Mathematical Bulletin" = { "Canad. Math. Bull." } {
journal "Communications of the ACM" = { "Commun. ACM" } {
journal "Communications of the {ACM}" = { "Commun. ACM" } {
journal "Computers and Structures" = { "Comput. \& Structures" } {
journal "Contemporary Mathematics" = { "Contemp. Math." } {
journal "Crelle's Journal" = { "Crelle's J." } {
journal "Giornale di Mathematiche" = { "Giorn. Mat." } {
journal "IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems" = { "IEEE Trans. Aerospace Electron. Systems" } {
journal "{IEEE} Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems" = { "IEEE Trans. Aerospace Electron. Systems" } {
journal "IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control" = { "IEEE Trans. Automat. Control" } {
journal "{IEEE} Transactions on Automatic Control" = { "IEEE Trans. Automat. Control" } {
journal "IEEE Transactions on Computers" = { "IEEE Trans. Comput." } {
journal "{IEEE} Transactions on Computers" = { "IEEE Trans. Comput." } {
journal "IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis" = { "IMA J. Numer. Anal." } {
journal "{IMA} Journal of Numerical Analysis" = { "IMA J. Numer. Anal." } {
journal "Information Processing Letters" = { "Inform. Process. Lett." } {
journal "International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering" = { "Internat. J. Numer. Methods Engrg." } {
journal "International Journal of Control" = { "Internat. J. Control" } {
journal "International Journal of Supercomputing Applications" = { "Internat. J. Supercomputing Applic." } {
journal "Journal of Computational Physics" = { "J. Comput. Phys." } {
journal "Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics" = { "J. Comput. Appl. Math." } {
journal "Journal of Computer and System Sciences" = { "J. Comput. System Sci." } {
journal "Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications" = { "J. Math. Anal. Appl." } {
journal "Journal of Mathematical Physics" = { "J. Math. Phys." } {
journal "Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing" = { "J. Parallel and Distrib. Comput." } {
journal "Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards" = { "J. Res. Nat. Bur. Standards" } {
journal "Journal of VLSI and Computer Systems" = { "J. VLSI Comput. Syst." } {
journal "Journal of {VLSI} and Computer Systems" = { "J. VLSI Comput. Syst." } {
journal "Journal of the ACM" = { "J. ACM" } {
journal "Journal of the American Statistical Association" = { "J. Amer. Statist. Assoc." } {
journal "Journal of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications" = { "J. Inst. Math. Appl." } {
journal "Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics" = { "J. Soc. Indust. Appl. Math." } {
journal "Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Series B, Numerical Analysis" = { "J. Soc. Indust. Appl. Math. Ser. B Numer. Anal." } {
journal "Linear Algebra and its Applications" = { "Linear Algebra Appl." } {
journal "Mathematica Scandinavica" = { "Math. Scand." } {
journal "Mathematical Tables and Other Aids to Computation" = { "Math. Tables Aids Comput." } {
journal "Mathematics of Computation" = { "Math. Comp." } {
journal "Mathematische Annalen" = { "Math. Ann." } {
journal "Numerische Mathematik" = { "Numer. Math." } {
journal "Pacific Journal of Mathematics" = { "Pacific J. Math." } {
journal "Parallel Computing" = { "Parallel Comput." } {
journal "Philosophical Magazine" = { "Philos. Mag." } {
journal "Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society" = { "Proc. Amer. Math. Soc." } {
journal "Proceedings of the IEEE" = { "Proc. IEEE" } {
journal "Proceedings of the {IEEE}" = { "Proc. IEEE" } {
journal "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA" = { "Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U. S. A." } {
journal "Quarterly Journal of Mathematics, Oxford, Series (2)" = { "Quart. J. Math. Oxford Ser. (2)" } {
journal "Quarterly of Applied Mathematics" = { "Quart. Appl. Math." } {
journal "Review of the International Statisical Institute" = { "Rev. Inst. Internat. Statist." } {
journal "SIAM Journal on Algebraic and Discrete Methods" = { "SIAM J. Algebraic Discrete Methods" } {
journal "{SIAM} Journal on Algebraic and Discrete Methods" = { "SIAM J. Algebraic Discrete Methods" } {
journal "SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics" = { "SIAM J. Appl. Math." } {
journal "{SIAM} Journal on Applied Mathematics" = { "SIAM J. Appl. Math." } {
journal "SIAM Journal on Computing" = { "SIAM J. Comput." } {
journal "{SIAM} Journal on Computing" = { "SIAM J. Comput." } {
journal "SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications" = { "SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl." } {
journal "{SIAM} Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications" = { "SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl." } {
journal "SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis" = { "SIAM J. Numer. Anal." } {
journal "{SIAM} Journal on Numerical Analysis" = { "SIAM J. Numer. Anal." } {
journal "SIAM Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing" = { "SIAM J. Sci. Statist. Comput." } {
journal "{SIAM} Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing" = { "SIAM J. Sci. Statist. Comput." } {
journal "SIAM Review" = { "SIAM Rev." } {
journal "{SIAM} Review" = { "SIAM Rev." } {
journal "Software Practice and Experience" = { "Software Prac. Experience" } {
journal "Statistical Science" = { "Statist. Sci." } {
journal "The Computer Journal" = { "Comput. J." } {
journal "Transactions of the American Mathematical Society" = { "Trans. Amer. Math. Soc." } {
journal "USSR Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics" = { "U. S. S. R. Comput. Math. and Math. Phys." } {
journal "{USSR} Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics" = { "U. S. S. R. Comput. Math. and Math. Phys." } {
journal "Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik" = { "Z. Angew. Math. Mech." } {
journal "Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik und Physik" = { "Z. Angew. Math. Phys." } {
journal
} if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$
} if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$
} if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$
} if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$
} if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$
} if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$
} if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$
} if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$ } if$
}
FUNCTION { format.journal.volume.number.day.month.year }
{
% By Young (and Spencer)
% GNP - fixed bugs with missing volume, number, and/or pages
%
% Format journal, volume, number, pages for article types.
%
journal empty.or.unknown
{ "no journal in " cite$ * warning$ "" }
{ "\bibinfo{journal}{"
journal.canon.abbrev emphasize *
"}" * }
if$
number empty.or.unknown
{
volume empty.or.unknown
{ "no number and no volume in " cite$ * warning$ "" * }
{ " " * " \bibinfo{volume}{" * volume * "}" * }
if$
}
{
volume empty.or.unknown
{
"unusual to have number, but no volume, for " cite$ * warning$
" \bibinfo{number}{" * number * "}" *
}
{ " \bibinfo{volume}{" * volume * "}, \bibinfo{number}{" *
number * "}" *}
if$
}
if$
after.block 'output.state :=
% Sometimes proceedings are published in journals
% In this case we do not want to put year, day and month here
type$ "inproceedings" =
{ }
{format.day.month.year * }
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.chapter.pages }
{
chapter empty.or.unknown
'format.pages
{ type empty.or.unknown
{ "Chapter" } % gnp - changed to mixed case
{ type "t" change.case$ }
if$
chapter tie.or.space.connect
pages empty.or.unknown
{"page numbers missing in " cite$ * warning$} % gnp - added check
{ ", " * format.pages * }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.in.emphasize.booktitle }
{ % jtb: format for collections or proceedings not appearing in a journal
booktitle empty.or.unknown
{ "" }
{ "In " format.emphasize.booktitle * }
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.in.booktitle }
{ % jtb: format for proceedings appearing in a journal
booktitle empty.or.unknown
{ "" }
{ "In \bibinfo{booktitle}{" booktitle * "}" * }
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.in.ed.booktitle }
{
booktitle empty.or.unknown
{ "" }
{ editor empty.or.unknown
{ "In " format.emphasize.booktitle * }
% jtb: swapped editor location
{ "In " format.emphasize.booktitle * ", " * format.editors.fml * }
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.thesis.type }
{ % call with default type on stack top
type empty.or.unknown
'skip$ % use default type
{
pop$ % discard default type
% NO: it is silly to have to brace protect every degree type!: type "t" change.case$
type
}
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.tr.number }
{
"\bibinfo{type}{"
type empty.or.unknown
{ "{T}echnical {R}eport" }
'type
if$
"}" * *
number empty.or.unknown
{ "t" change.case$ }
%% LOOKS BAD: { "." * number tie.or.space.connect }
%% Prefer "Research report RJ687." to "Research report. RJ687."
{ number tie.or.space.connect }
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.advisor }
{
advisor empty.or.unknown
{ "" }
{ "Advisor(s) " advisor * }
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.article.crossref }
{ "See"
"\citeN{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION { format.crossref.editor }
{
editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
editor num.names$ duplicate$
#2 >
{ pop$ " et~al\mbox{.}" * } % jrh: avoid spacing problems
{ #2 <
'skip$
{ editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
{ " et~al\mbox{.}" * } % jrh: avoid spacing problems
{ " and " * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
if$
}
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION { format.book.crossref }
{
volume empty.or.unknown
{ "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
"In "
}
{ "Volume" volume tie.or.space.connect % gnp - changed to mixed case
" of " *
}
if$
editor empty.or.unknown
editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
or
{ key empty.or.unknown
{ series empty.or.unknown
{ "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
crossref * warning$
"" *
}
{ series emphasize * }
if$
}
{ key * }
if$
}
{ format.crossref.editor * }
if$
" \citeN{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION { format.incoll.inproc.crossref }
{ "See"
" \citeN{" * crossref * "}" *
}
FUNCTION { format.lab.names }
{
% format.lab.names:
%
% determines "short" names for the abbreviated author information.
% "Long" labels are created in calc.label, using the routine my.full.label
% to format author and editor fields.
%
% There are 4 cases for labels. (n=3 in the example)
% a) one author Foo
% b) one to n Foo, Bar and Baz
% c) use of "and others" Foo, Bar et al.
% d) more than n Foo et al.
's :=
s num.names$ 'numnames :=
numnames #2 > % change number to number of others allowed before
% forcing "et al".
{ s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ " et~al\mbox{.}" * } % jrh: \mbox{} added
{
numnames #1 - 'namesleft :=
#2 'nameptr :=
s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
{ namesleft #0 > }
{ nameptr numnames =
{ s nameptr "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
{ " et~al\mbox{.}" * } % jrh: avoid spacing problems
{ " and " * s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
if$
}
{ ", " * s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
}
while$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION { author.key.label }
{
author empty.or.unknown
{ key empty.or.unknown
{ "no key, author in " cite$ * warning$
cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key
if$
}
{ author format.lab.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION { editor.key.organization.label }
{ % added - gnp. Provide label formatting by organization if editor is null.
editor empty.or.unknown
{ organization empty.or.unknown
{ key empty.or.unknown
{ "no key, editor or organization in " cite$ * warning$
cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key
if$
}
{ organization }
if$
}
{ editor format.lab.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION { author.editor.key.label }
{
author empty.or.unknown
{ editor empty.or.unknown
{ key empty.or.unknown
{ "no key, author, or editor in " cite$ * warning$
cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key
if$
}
{ editor format.lab.names }
if$
}
{ author format.lab.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION { author.editor.key.organization.label }
{ % added - gnp. Provide label formatting by organization if author is null.
author empty.or.unknown
{ editor empty.or.unknown
{ organization empty.or.unknown
{ key empty.or.unknown
{ "no key, author, editor or organization in " cite$ * warning$
cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
'key
if$
}
{ organization }
if$
}
{ editor format.lab.names }
if$
}
{ author format.lab.names }
if$
}
% Calculate label and leave it on stack
FUNCTION { calc.basic.label }
{
type$ "book" =
type$ "inbook" =
or
type$ "article" =
or
'author.editor.key.label
{ type$ "proceedings" =
type$ "periodical" =
or
'editor.key.organization.label
{ type$ "manual" =
'author.editor.key.organization.label
'author.key.label
if$
}
if$
}
if$
duplicate$
year empty.or.unknown
{ "[n.d.]" }
{ year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$}
if$
*
'basic.label.year :=
}
FUNCTION { calc.label }
{
% Changed - GNP. See also author.editor.organization.sort, editor.organization.sort
% Form label for BibTeX entry. The classification of which fields are used
% for which type of entry (book, inbook, etc.) are taken from alpha.bst.
% The change here from newapa is to also include organization as a
% citation label if author or editor is missing.
calc.basic.label
author empty.or.unknown % generate the full label citation information.
{
editor empty.or.unknown
{
organization empty.or.unknown
{
key empty.or.unknown
{
"no author, editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
"??"
}
{ key }
if$
}
{ organization }
if$
}
{ editor my.full.label }
if$
}
{ author my.full.label }
if$
% leave label on the stack, to be popped when required.
"}{" * swap$ * "}{" *
% year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ *
%
% save the year for sort processing afterwards (adding a, b, c, etc.)
%
year empty.or.unknown
{ "[n.d.]" }
{ year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$}
if$
'label.year :=
}
FUNCTION { output.bibitem }
{
newline$
"\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{" write$
calc.label write$
sort.year write$
"}]%" writeln
" {" write$
cite$ write$
"}" writeln
""
before.all 'output.state :=
}
FUNCTION { output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint }
{ % enter and return with stack empty
%% We switch now from buffered output to output of complete lines, so
%% that the Issue .. URL data have their own lines, and are less likely
%% to be line-wrapped by BibTeX's short-sighted algorithm, which wraps
%% lines longer than 79 characters, backtracking to what it thinks is
%% a break point in the string. Any such wrapping MUST be undone to
%% prevent percent-newline from appearing in DOIs and URLs. The
%% output data are intentionally wrapped in \showxxx{} macros at
%% beginning of line, and that supply their own punctuation (if they
%% are not defined to suppress output entirely), to make it easier for
%% other software to recover them from .bbl files.
%%
%% It also makes it possible to later change the macro definitions
%% to suppress particular output values, or alter their appearance.
%%
%% Note that it is possible for theses, technical reports, and
%% manuals to have ISBNs, and anything that has an ISBN may also
%% have an ISSN. When there are no values for these keys, there
%% is no output generated for them here.
"\newblock" writeln
after.block 'output.state :=
output.issue
output.isbn
output.coden % CODEN is functionally like ISSN, so output them sequentially
output.issn
output.lccn
output.doi % DOI is ALWAYS last according to CrossRef DOI documentation
output.eprint
output.url % but ACM wants URL last
}
FUNCTION { output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note }
{ % enter with stack empty, return with empty string on stack
output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint
note empty.or.unknown
{ }
{
"\newblock" writeln
output.note
}
if$
""
}
FUNCTION { output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note.check }
{ % enter with stack empty, return with empty string on stack
output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint
note empty.or.unknown
{ }
{
"\newblock" writeln
output.note.check
}
if$
""
}
FUNCTION { article }
{
output.bibitem
author empty.or.unknown
{
editor empty.or.unknown
{ "neither author and editor supplied for " cite$ * warning$ }
{ format.editors "editor" output.check }
if$
}
{ format.authors "author" output.check }
if$
author format.no.key output % added
output.year.check % added
new.block
format.articletitle "title" output.check
new.block
howpublished empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ "\bibinfo{howpublished}{" howpublished "}" * * output }
if$
crossref missing$
{ format.journal.volume.number.day.month.year output}
{
"cross reference in @Article{...} is unusual" warning$
format.article.crossref output.nonnull
}
if$
format.pages.check.without.articleno output
format.articleno.numpages output
fin.block
output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION { book }
{
output.bibitem
author empty.or.unknown
{ format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
{ format.authors output.nonnull
crossref missing$
{ "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
output.year.check % added
new.block
format.btitle "title" output.check
crossref missing$
{ new.sentence % jtb: start a new sentence for series/volume
format.bvolume output
new.block
format.number.series output
new.sentence
publisher "publisher" bibinfo.output.check
address "address" bibinfo.output.check % jtb: require address
fin.sentence
pages empty.or.unknown
{ format.bookpages } % use bookpages when pages empty
{ format.pages.check "pages" tie.or.space.connect }
if$
output
}
{ new.block
format.book.crossref output.nonnull
}
if$
fin.block
output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION { booklet }
{
output.bibitem
format.authors output
author format.key output % added
output.year.check % added
new.block
format.title "title" output.check
new.block
howpublished empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ "\bibinfo{howpublished}{" howpublished "}" * * output }
if$
address output
fin.block
output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION { inbook }
{
output.bibitem
author empty.or.unknown
{ format.editors
"author and editor" output.check
}
{ format.authors output.nonnull
crossref missing$
{ "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
'skip$
if$
}
if$
output.year.check % added
new.block
format.btitle "title" output.check
crossref missing$
{ new.sentence % jtb: start a new sentence for series/volume
format.bvolume output
new.block
format.number.series output
new.sentence
publisher "publisher" bibinfo.output.check
address "address" bibinfo.output.check % jtb: require address
format.bookpages output
format.chapter.pages
"chapter and pages" output.check % jtb: moved from before publisher
}
{
format.bookpages output
format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
new.block
format.book.crossref output.nonnull
}
if$
fin.block
output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION { incollection }
{
output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output % added
output.year.check % added
new.block
format.articletitle "title" output.check
new.block
crossref missing$
{ format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
new.sentence % jtb: start a new sentence for series/volume
format.bvolume output
format.number.series output
new.sentence
publisher "publisher" bibinfo.output.check
address "address" bibinfo.output.check % jtb: require address
format.bookpages output
format.chapter.pages output % gnp - was special.output.nonnull
% left out comma before page numbers
% jtb: moved from before publisher
}
{
format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
format.chapter.pages output
}
if$
fin.block
output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION { inproceedings }
{
output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output % added
output.year.check % added
new.block
format.articletitle "title" output.check
howpublished empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ "\bibinfo{howpublished}{" howpublished "}" * * output.dot.space }
if$
crossref missing$
{
journal missing$ % jtb: proceedings appearing in journals
{ format.in.emphasize.booktitle format.city "booktitle" output.check.dot.space
format.series output.removenospace
format.editors.fml output % BV 2011/09/27 Moved dot to comma
format.bvolume.noseries output
new.sentence
organization output
publisher "publisher" bibinfo.output.check % jtb: require publisher (?)
address "address" bibinfo.output.check % jtb: require address
format.bookpages output
}
{
format.in.booktitle format.city "booktitle" output.check
format.editors.fml output
new.sentence
format.journal.volume.number.day.month.year output
}
if$
format.articleno output
format.pages.check.without.articleno output
}
{
format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
format.articleno output
format.pages.check.without.articleno output
}
if$
format.articleno.numpages output
fin.block
output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION { conference } { inproceedings }
FUNCTION { manual }
{
output.bibitem
author empty.or.unknown
{ editor empty.or.unknown
{ organization "organization" output.check
organization format.key output } % if all else fails, use key
{ format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
if$
}
{ format.authors output.nonnull }
if$
output.year.check % added
new.block
format.btitle "title" output.check
organization address new.block.checkb
% jtb: back to normal style: organization, address
organization "organization" output.check
address output
fin.block
output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION { mastersthesis }
{
output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output % added
output.year.check % added
new.block
format.title emphasize "title" output.check % NB: ACM style requires emphasized thesis title
new.block
"\bibinfo{thesistype}{Master's\ thesis}" format.thesis.type output
new.sentence
school "school" bibinfo.output.check
address empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ "\bibinfo{address}{" address * "}" * output }
if$
new.block
format.advisor output
fin.block
output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION { misc }
{
output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output % added
output.year.check % added
title howpublished new.block.checkb
format.title output
new.block
howpublished empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ "\bibinfo{howpublished}{" howpublished "}" * * output }
if$
"" output.nonnull.dot.space
calc.format.page.count output
fin.block
output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION { online } { manual }
FUNCTION { game } { manual }
FUNCTION { artifactsoftware } { manual }
FUNCTION { artifactdataset } { manual }
FUNCTION { software } { manual }
FUNCTION { dataset } { manual }
FUNCTION { phdthesis }
{
output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output % added
output.year.check % added
new.block
format.title emphasize "title" output.check % NB: ACM style requires emphasized thesis title
new.block
"\bibinfo{thesistype}{Ph.D. Dissertation}" format.thesis.type output
new.sentence
school "school" bibinfo.output.check
address empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ "\bibinfo{address}{" address * "}" * output }
if$
new.block
format.advisor output
fin.block
output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION {format.date}
{ year empty.or.unknown
{ month empty.or.unknown
{
"" % output empty date if year/month both empty
day empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ "there's a day but no month or year in " cite$ * warning$ }
if$
}
{ "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
month
day empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ " " * day * }
if$
}
if$
}
{ month empty.or.unknown
{
year % output only year if month empty
day empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ "there's a day and year but no month in " cite$ * warning$ }
if$
}
{
month " " *
day empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ day * ", " * }
if$
year *
}
if$
}
if$
}
FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
{
empty.or.unknown
'skip$
'new.block
if$
}
FUNCTION { periodical }
{
output.bibitem
editor empty.or.unknown
{ organization output }
{ format.editors output.nonnull }
if$
new.block
output.year.check
new.sentence
format.articletitle "title" output.check
format.journal.volume.number.day.month.year output
calc.format.page.count output
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION { proceedings }
{
output.bibitem
editor empty.or.unknown
{ organization output
organization format.key output } % gnp - changed from author format.key
{ format.editors output.nonnull }
if$
% author format.key output % gnp - removed (should be either
% editor or organization
output.year.check % added (newapa)
new.block
format.btitle format.city "title" output.check % jtb: added city
new.sentence
format.bvolume output
format.number.series output
new.sentence
organization output
% jtb: normal order: publisher, address
publisher empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ "\bibinfo{publisher}{" publisher * "}" * output }
if$
address empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ "\bibinfo{address}{" address * "}" * output }
if$
fin.block
output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION { collection } { proceedings }
FUNCTION { techreport }
{
output.bibitem
format.authors "author" output.check
author format.key output % added
output.year.check % added
new.block
format.btitle "title" output.check
new.block
% format.tr.number output % jtb: moved month ...
format.tr.number output new.sentence % Gerry - need dot 2011/09/28
institution "institution" bibinfo.output.check
address empty.or.unknown
{ }
{ "\bibinfo{address}{" address "}" * * output }
if$
new.sentence
format.named.pages output
% ACM omits year at end in transactions style
% format.day.month.year output.nonnull.dot.space % jtb: ... to here (no parens)
fin.block
output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION { unpublished }
{
output.bibitem
format.authors
"author" output.check
author format.key output % added
output.year.check % added
new.block
format.title "title" output.check
fin.sentence
output.day.month.year % UTAH
calc.format.page.count output
fin.block
output.issue.doi.coden.isxn.lccn.url.eprint.note.check
fin.entry
}
FUNCTION { default.type } { misc }
%%% ACM journal-style month definitions: full name if 1--5 letters, else
%%% abbreviation of 3 or 4 characters and a dot
MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
MACRO {mar} {"March"}
MACRO {apr} {"April"}
MACRO {may} {"May"}
MACRO {jun} {"June"}
MACRO {jul} {"July"}
MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
MACRO {sep} {"Sept."}
MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
READ
FUNCTION { sortify }
{
purify$
"l" change.case$
}
FUNCTION { chop.word }
{
's :=
'len :=
s #1 len substring$ =
{ s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
's
if$
}
FUNCTION { sort.format.names }
{
's :=
#1 'nameptr :=
""
s num.names$ 'numnames :=
numnames 'namesleft :=
{ namesleft #0 > }
{ nameptr #1 >
{ " " * }
'skip$
if$
s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{ f{ }}{ jj{ }}" format.name$ 't :=
nameptr numnames = t "others" = and
{ " et~al" * }
{ t sortify * }
if$
nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
}
while$
}
FUNCTION { sort.format.title }
{
't :=
"A " #2
"An " #3
"The " #4 t chop.word
chop.word
chop.word
sortify
#1 global.max$ substring$
}
FUNCTION { author.sort }
{
author empty.or.unknown
{ key empty.or.unknown
{ "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
"" }
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ author sort.format.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION { author.editor.sort }
{
author empty.or.unknown
{
editor empty.or.unknown
{
key empty.or.unknown
{ "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ editor sort.format.names }
if$
}
{ author sort.format.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION { editor.organization.sort }
{
% added - GNP. Stack editor or organization for sorting (from alpha.bst).
% Unlike alpha.bst, we need entire names, not abbreviations
editor empty.or.unknown
{ organization empty.or.unknown
{ key empty.or.unknown
{ "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ organization sortify }
if$
}
{ editor sort.format.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION { author.editor.organization.sort }
{
% added - GNP. Stack author or organization for sorting (from alpha.bst).
% Unlike alpha.bst, we need entire names, not abbreviations
author empty.or.unknown
{
editor empty.or.unknown
{ organization empty.or.unknown
{ key empty.or.unknown
{ "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
""
}
{ key sortify }
if$
}
{ organization sortify }
if$
}
{ editor sort.format.names }
if$
}
{ author sort.format.names }
if$
}
FUNCTION { presort }
{
% Presort creates the bibentry's label via a call to calc.label, and then
% sorts the entries based on entry type. Chicago.bst adds support for
% including organizations as the sort key; the following is stolen from
% alpha.bst.
calc.label
basic.label.year
swap$
" "
swap$
* *
" "
*
sortify
year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year
" "
*
type$ "book" =
type$ "inbook" =
or
type$ "article" =
or
'author.editor.sort
{ type$ "proceedings" =
type$ "periodical" =
or
'editor.organization.sort
{ type$ "manual" =
'author.editor.organization.sort
'author.sort
if$
}
if$
}
if$
#1 entry.max$ substring$ % added for newapa
'sort.label := % added for newapa
sort.label % added for newapa
*
" "
*
title field.or.null
sort.format.title
*
#1 entry.max$ substring$
'sort.key$ :=
}
ITERATE { presort }
SORT % by label, year, author/editor, title
% From plainnat.bst
STRINGS { longest.label }
INTEGERS { longest.label.width number.label }
FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
{ "" 'longest.label :=
#0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
"" 'next.extra :=
#0 'longest.label.width :=
#0 'last.extra.num :=
#0 'number.label :=
}
FUNCTION { initialize.extra.label.stuff }
{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
"" 'next.extra :=
#0 'last.extra.num :=
}
FUNCTION { forward.pass }
{
% Pass through all entries, comparing current entry to last one.
% Need to concatenate year to the stack (done by calc.label) to determine
% if two entries are the same (see presort)
last.label
calc.basic.label year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year
#1 entry.max$ substring$ = % are they equal?
{ last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
}
{ "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
"" 'extra.label :=
calc.basic.label year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year
#1 entry.max$ substring$ 'last.label := % assign to last.label
}
if$
number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
}
FUNCTION { reverse.pass }
{
next.extra "b" =
{ "a" 'extra.label := }
'skip$
if$
label.year extra.label * 'sort.year :=
extra.label 'next.extra :=
}
EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}
ITERATE {forward.pass}
REVERSE {reverse.pass}
FUNCTION { bib.sort.order }
{
sort.label
" "
*
year field.or.null sortify
*
" "
*
title field.or.null
sort.format.title
*
#1 entry.max$ substring$
'sort.key$ :=
}
ITERATE { bib.sort.order }
SORT % by sort.label, year, title --- giving final bib. order.
FUNCTION { begin.bib }
{
%% Set to #0 show 13-digit ISBN in preference to 10-digit ISBN.
%% Set to #1 to show both 10-digit and 13-digit ISBNs.
#1 'show-isbn-10-and-13 :=
"%%% -*-BibTeX-*-" writeln
"%%% Do NOT edit. File created by BibTeX with style" writeln
"%%% ACM-Reference-Format-Journals [18-Jan-2012]." writeln
"" writeln
preamble$ empty.or.unknown
'skip$
{ preamble$ writeln }
if$
"\begin{thebibliography}{" number.label int.to.str$ * "}" * writeln
"" writeln
"%%% ====================================================================" writeln
"%%% NOTE TO THE USER: you can override these defaults by providing" writeln
"%%% customized versions of any of these macros before the \bibliography" writeln
"%%% command. Each of them MUST provide its own final punctuation," writeln
"%%% except for \shownote{}, \showDOI{}, and \showURL{}. The latter two" writeln
"%%% do not use final punctuation, in order to avoid confusing it with" writeln
"%%% the Web address." writeln
"%%%" writeln
"%%% To suppress output of a particular field, define its macro to expand" writeln
"%%% to an empty string, or better, \unskip, like this:" writeln
"%%%" writeln
"%%% \newcommand{\showDOI}[1]{\unskip} % LaTeX syntax" writeln
"%%%" writeln
"%%% \def \showDOI #1{\unskip} % plain TeX syntax" writeln
"%%%" writeln
"%%% ====================================================================" writeln
"" writeln
%% ACM publications do not use CODEN, ISSN, and LCCN data, so their default
%% macro wrappers expand to \unskip, discarding their values and unwanted
%% space.
%%
%% For other publications, prior definitions like these may be useful:
%%
%% Plain TeX:
%% \def \showCODEN #1{CODEN #1.}
%% \def \showISSN #1{ISSN #1.}
%% \def \showLCCN #1{LCCN #1.}
%%
%% LaTeX:
%% \newcommand{\showCODEN}[1]{CODEN #1.}
%% \newcommand{\showISSN}[1]#1{ISSN #1.}
%% \newcommand{\showLCCN}[1]{LCCN #1.}
"\ifx \showCODEN \undefined \def \showCODEN #1{\unskip} \fi" writeln
"\ifx \showDOI \undefined \def \showDOI #1{#1}\fi" writeln
% ACM styles omit ISBNs, but they can be included by suitable definitions of
% \showISBNx and \showISBNxiii before the .bbl file is read
"\ifx \showISBNx \undefined \def \showISBNx #1{\unskip} \fi" writeln
"\ifx \showISBNxiii \undefined \def \showISBNxiii #1{\unskip} \fi" writeln
"\ifx \showISSN \undefined \def \showISSN #1{\unskip} \fi" writeln
"\ifx \showLCCN \undefined \def \showLCCN #1{\unskip} \fi" writeln
"\ifx \shownote \undefined \def \shownote #1{#1} \fi" writeln % NB: final period supplied by add.period$ above
"\ifx \showarticletitle \undefined \def \showarticletitle #1{#1} \fi" writeln
"\ifx \showURL \undefined \def \showURL {\relax} \fi" writeln
"% The following commands are used for tagged output and should be " writeln
"% invisible to TeX" writeln
"\providecommand\bibfield[2]{#2}" writeln
"\providecommand\bibinfo[2]{#2}" writeln
"\providecommand\natexlab[1]{#1}" writeln
"\providecommand\showeprint[2][]{arXiv:#2}" writeln
}
EXECUTE {begin.bib}
EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
ITERATE {call.type$}
FUNCTION { end.bib }
{
newline$
"\end{thebibliography}"
writeln
}
EXECUTE {end.bib}